Objective To investigate the species, host, distribution and status of tick-borne pathogens in Jinan city. Methods The parasitic ticks were collected from the host skin by hand or tweezers and the free ticks were collected manually with white cloth from the grassland or shrubbery. Collected ticks were classified and tested for tick-borne pathogens. Results There were 614 and 108 ticks collected on 6 hosts and in 2 types of environment, respectively. Collected ticks were Haemaphysalis longicornis. There were 596 ticks collected on goats with proportion of 97.1%. About 53.3% goats carried with ticks and the average number of ticks per goat was about 6.7. The results were positive in RNA detection of new bunyavirus in 3 groups of tick and positive of rickettsia in one group. Positive ticks were collected from goats. Conclusion The dominant tick species was H. longicornis in Shandong province. The dominant host animal was goats raised outside. Some ticks may carry bunyavirus and rickettsia.

Objective To identify the eclosion time of Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus for best getting the experimental females. Methods Rearing Cx. pipiens pallens and Ae. albopictus with standard rearing technique and study on numbers of females and males at different time of eclosion. Results The peak of adult emergence occured at 2nd and 3rd day after eclosion and most adults emergenced within 4 days. Adults was predominantly male about 2 d prior to adult eclosion. Two days later, females were the main part of emergenced adults. After all adults emergenced, gender ratio was close to 1:1. Conclusion Taking adults emergencing at 3-4 day will obtain high ratio of females which as materials for pesticide registration could meet the needs of experiment.

Objective To investigate the resistance dynamics of Musca domestica in the 26 years in Jinan city for the development of its control strategies. Methods The micro-drop method was used for bioassay of M. domestica collected in different years in different parts of the city to determine its resistance status and trends. Insecticides dissolved in acetone were applied topically on the thoracic notum of female adults. Results M. domestica in Jinan city and surrounding area in 1982 were susceptible to conventional pyrethrin chemicals. However, 26 years later, the susceptibility of M. domestica to conventional pyrethrin chemicals decreased to varying degrees. Compared with the susceptible strain, the resistance of field housefly to deltamethrn and to bata-cypermethrinwas was 75.00-211.67 and 25.52-116.21 folds in 2008 respectively, indicating that the degree of housefly resistance was at a medium or high level. Conclusion The resistance of M. domestica to pyrethrin chemicals in Jinan and the surrounding areas has developed to varying degrees. Strategies for the control of resistance should be developed based on the local conditions.

【Abstract】 Objective To study the evaluation methods of larvicides registration and field test. Methods Larvae were collected from breeding sites in the external environment or adult mosquitoes were trapped to oviposit in man-made areas. Results  The relative population index (RPI) of larvae from breeding sites was under 5 after treatment by 1% temephos granules for 4 weeks, which had a good control effect. RPI of larvae from wasted tyres was also less than 5 after treatment for 4 weeks, while it was under 10 after treatment for 3 weeks in cement pool. Conclusion The field control effect and registration of quick-acting insecticides could be evaluated by the above mentioned two methods.